WorkRumi

Discourses of Rumi

Rumi off the page: talks and answers to visitors in Konya, written down in prose, most of it Persian and some of it Arabic.

by Rumi261 passages held

  • Persian, the original language
Original title
فیه ما فیه
First published
(aged 66)
Original language
Persian

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Overview

Poetry, Rumi told the people who came to hear him, was something he could not stand; he recited verse only so that they would not grow bored, the way a host plunges his hands into tripe because his guest has a taste for it. In the country he came from, he said, nothing was more shameful than being a poet, and had he stayed there he would have taught, written books and preached. The remark survives because someone was writing down what he said. Fihi Ma Fihi — an Arabic phrase meaning roughly In It What Is in It — gathers the talks Rumi gave in Konya: informal teaching, answers to questions, conversation with whoever had come. Its repeated argument is that words and rites point past themselves. The first talk answers a visitor's complaint that the master says nothing: the man was drawn there before a word was spoken, Rumi replies, so speech is only the shadow of what it serves. Prayer and fasting get the same treatment, as the outward form of an action that happens inside. The talks are also frank with the powerful. Mu'in al-Din Parvana, the minister who governed Seljuk Anatolia under the Mongols, came to listen, and when he insisted that deeds are what count, Rumi answered that he could find no one who wanted deeds shown to them: the minister himself had come for words. The notes were put together after Rumi's death — by his son Sultan Walad, by one account — and a surviving manuscript is dated 1316.

Key concepts

What does Rumi mean by calling speech a shadow?

He means that words follow something prior to them and take their shape from it. In the first talk a visitor complains that the master says nothing, and Rumi answers that the man was drawn there before a word was spoken. The attraction came first; speech only traces it. A word matters, then, for what it follows, never as a substitute for it.

What is the difference between form and meaning in Fihi Ma Fihi?

Form is the outward shape a thing takes, and meaning is what that shape exists to carry. The talks apply the pair everywhere: to speech, to prayer, to fasting. Rumi keeps the forms, but he refuses to let a form be mistaken for its meaning, since a rite or a sentence emptied of what it serves still looks exactly the same from outside.

Why does a poet tell his listeners he cannot stand poetry?

Because for Rumi verse is an accommodation, not the aim. He said he recited it only so his listeners would not grow bored, as a host plunges his hands into tripe because his guest has a taste for it. The remark applies his teaching on speech to his own art: even his poetry is a courtesy to the listener in the service of something else.

How does Rumi answer the claim that only deeds count?

He turns it around. When the minister Parvana insisted that deeds are what matter, Rumi replied that he could find no one who wanted deeds shown to them: the minister himself had come for words. Deeds, on this reply, are not the whole of the religious life, because what moves a person to act is an inner want that words can reach and deeds alone cannot display.

Themes of the book

What this book returns to, gathered into themes and ordered by how much of the text each one occupies.

Speech as the Shadow of What It Serves

If a visitor is drawn to a teacher before a word is spoken, what are words for? The talks answer that speech points past itself, and only matters for where it points.

The first talk answers a visitor's complaint that the master says nothing: the man was drawn there before a word was spoken, Rumi replies, so speech is only the shadow of what it serves. The claim reaches his own art. He told his listeners he could not stand poetry and recited verse only so they would not grow bored, as a host plunges his hands into tripe because his guest likes it. Words, on this account, are an accommodation to the listener, needed because people need them, and never the thing itself.

  • language
  • teaching
  • interpretation
  • knowledge
  • epistemology
  • spiritual knowledge
  • revelation
  • prophecy
  • appearance and reality
  • spiritual perception
  • spiritual guidance

The Outward Form and the Act Inside

Are prayer and fasting the religious life, or only its visible shape? The talks treat every rite as the outward form of something that happens within a person.

Prayer and fasting get the same treatment as speech: each is the outward form of an action that happens inside. Rumi does not abolish the forms; he refuses to let them stand in for what they express. The argument does not spare the powerful. When Mu'in al-Din Parvana, the minister who governed Seljuk Anatolia under the Mongols, insisted that deeds are what count, Rumi answered that he could find no one who wanted deeds shown to them. The minister himself had come for words, drawn by the same inner want the rites exist to serve.

  • prayer
  • spiritual discipline
  • embodiment
  • faith
  • devotion
  • human nature
  • desire
  • love
  • divine love
  • self-knowledge
  • spiritual transformation
  • humility

Within this work

passages held
261
distinct concepts
431
by passages held, corpus-wide
#283

What this book thinks together

The wheel takes this book’s leading concepts and shows how often they come up together. The wider the band between two, the more of its passages speak of both. Among them, most often together: “knowledge” and “love”.
Concept co-occurrence, strongest first 8 concepts, joined by 19 pairings. 90 pairings reach beyond these concepts and are not drawn.
ConceptPaired conceptShared passages
knowledgelove4
desiredivine providence3
desirelove3
divine gracehumility3
divine gracespiritual guidance3
desireknowledge2
divine providencehumility2
desiredivine grace1
desiredivine love1
desirehumility1
divine gracedivine love1
divine lovehumility1
divine providenceknowledge1
divine providencespiritual guidance1
humilityknowledge1
humilitylove1
humilityspiritual guidance1
knowledgespiritual guidance1
lovespiritual guidance1

Works held

The author's work in order, this book marked in place. Your-language title first, the original beneath it where the two differ; side chips show which full texts are held.

  1. 1244 Selection from Seven Sermons of Rumi (مجالس سبعه)

    Seven addresses from the pulpit: Rumi's public preaching, each built from praise of God and a text of scripture, in contrast to the informal talks of Fihi Ma Fihi.

    FA
  2. 1260 The Masnavi (مثنوی معنوی)

    Rumi's best-known book and the work of his last dozen years: a long teaching poem in rhyming couplets, beside the lyrics he wrote in the name of Shams of Tabriz.

    FA
  3. 1273 Discourses of Rumi (فیه ما فیه) you are here FA
  4. 1273 Divani Shamsi Tabriz (دیوان شمس)

    The lyric half of Rumi's work, set against the teaching verse of the Masnavi: the poems that came out of his friendship with Shams of Tabriz.

    FA
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