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The collection

The Philosophers

Every thinker here answers out of their own texts. Choose a voice and put your question to it.

Philosophers
148
Works
843
Passages
298k+
Centuries spanned
26

When the thinkers were born — philosophers per century

148 philosophers, born across 26 centuries from the 7th c. BCE to the 19th c. CE. The 19th c. CE is the fullest, with 29.
Philosophers born, by century
CenturyPhilosophers born
7th c. BCE3
6th c. BCE3
5th c. BCE2
4th c. BCE2
3rd c. BCE3
2nd c. BCE4
1st c. BCE4
1st c. CE4
2nd c. CE4
3rd c. CE1
4th c. CE5
5th c. CE6
6th c. CE1
7th c. CE4
8th c. CE1
9th c. CE4
10th c. CE4
11th c. CE10
12th c. CE4
13th c. CE5
14th c. CE3
15th c. CE3
16th c. CE9
17th c. CE9
18th c. CE21
19th c. CE29

Which traditions they come from — philosophers per tradition

148 philosophers across 6 traditions. Widths are shares of the roster; the names are in the legend.
  • The Western tradition 87
  • The Indian tradition 29
  • The Chinese tradition 15
  • The Japanese tradition 6
  • The Jewish tradition 6
  • The Islamic and Persian tradition 5
Philosophers by tradition
TraditionPhilosophersShare
The Western tradition8759%
The Indian tradition2920%
The Chinese tradition1510%
The Japanese tradition64%
The Jewish tradition64%
The Islamic and Persian tradition53%

What the corpus argues about — share of the canon per question

The six great questions, ranked by their share of every tagged passage in the corpus. Mind and knowledge leads at 11.5%. A passage can answer to more than one question, so the six do not sum to a whole.
Share of the canon by question
QuestionShare of the canon
Mind and knowledge11.5%
Metaphysics and the cosmos10%
Politics and power9.5%
Ethics and the good life7.8%
Logic and language4.4%
Being and existence4.1%

4 philosophers match

Empiricism

Empiricism holds that human knowledge is grounded primarily in sense experience: observations made through sight, touch, hearing, and other senses provide the materials for thought. It therefore gives experience priority over innate ideas or purely deductive reasoning, while allowing reasoning to organise and assess what observation supplies.

4 in the arena

  1. Francis Bacon

    1561–1626

    The Renaissance

    Francis Bacon reshaped the pursuit of knowledge through empirical inquiry, examining method, nature, ethics, and the uses of science.

    4 works · 834 passages grounded

  2. John Locke

    1632–1704

    Early Modern

    John Locke argued that the mind begins as white paper and that rulers hold power in trust. His thought on knowledge, government and toleration.

    12 works · 4,428 passages grounded

  3. George Berkeley

    1685–1753

    Early Modern

    George Berkeley rejected material substance, grounding reality in minds and ideas. Explore his theories of perception, language, and vision.

    3 works · 377 passages grounded

  4. David Hume

    1711–1776

    The Enlightenment

    David Hume traced knowledge, causality, and morality to experience, habit, and sentiment—an introduction to his empiricism and skepticism.

    7 works · 1,880 passages grounded