Taste, Prejudice, and Utility
Can judgments of beauty arise from shared human responses, or must reason and utility govern them? Burke's answer determines whether taste belongs to abstract rules or to the embodied habits through which people encounter pleasure and fear.
Published in 1757, Burke's Inquiry rejects the attempt to explain beauty through proportion, utility, or rational rules alone. He separates the sublime from the beautiful: terror and astonishment enlarge the former, while pleasure, delicacy, and social affection sustain the latter. Against theories that treat taste as a form of judgment or learned convention, he grounds it in shared bodily passions and habits of association. The result is a natural history of aesthetic response, but one that leaves cultural prejudice and critical education in tension.
- utility
- virtue
- aesthetics
- sublime
Enter a dialogue
- If fitness made things beautiful, you say, the swine's snout, so well built for rooting, would be beautiful. Why can't usefulness explain what pleases us?
- An ox is strong but harmless and useful, so it is not grand, while a dangerous bull is. Why does usefulness drain strength of grandeur?
- A boy born blind, given sight in his early teens, was distressed by the first black object he saw. Does darkness frighten us by nature or by habit?
- Turks delight in opium and Dutchmen in tobacco, tastes formed by habit. If custom retrains the palate, how can taste be common to everyone?
- Fortitude, justice and wisdom never made anyone lovable, while compassion, kindness and an easy temper do. Why does beauty of character come from the softer virtues?